|
异名:Alectoridia quartiniana A. J. Richards (synonym)、Andropogon micans (Nees) Steud. (synonym)、Arthraxon ciliaris P. Beauv. (synonym)、Arthraxon ciliaris P. Beauv. var. cryptatherus Hackel (synonym)、Arthraxon ciliaris P. Beauv. var. hookeri Hackel (synonym)、Arthraxon cryptatherus (Hackel) Koidz. (synonym)、Arthraxon cuspidatus var. micans (Nees) Hack. (synonym)、Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino subsp. langsdorffii (Thunb.) Tzvelev (synonym)、Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino var. cryptatherus (Hackel) Honda (synonym)、Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino var. muticus (Honda) Ohwi (synonym)、Arthraxon hookeri (Hackel) Henrard (synonym)、Arthraxon langsdorffii (Trin.) Hochst. ex Roshevitz (synonym)、Arthraxon micans (Nees) Hochst. (synonym)、Arthraxon okamotoi Ohwi (synonym)、Arthraxon pauciflorus Honda (synonym)、Arthraxon pauciflorus Honda var. muticus Honda (synonym)、Arthraxon quartinianus (A. J. Richards) Nash (synonym)、Batratherum micans Nees (synonym)、Digitaria hispida (Thunb.) Spreng. (synonym)、Lasiolytrum hispidum (Thunb.) Steud. (synonym)、Phalaris hispida Thunb. (synonym)、Pleuroplitis langsdorffii Trin. (synonym)、Pleuroplitis langsdorffii Trin. var. chinensis Regel (synonym)
俗名:绿竹 (LǜZhú) Chinese
绿竹(唐本草)
Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino in Bot, Mag, Tokyo 26: 214. 1912; Merr. in Philip. Journ, Sci. 7: 229. 1912. et Enum. Philip. Fl. Pl. 1: 41. 1923; Hitchc. in Brittonia 2: 128, 1937; Ohwi in Acta Phytotax. et Geobot, 11: 163. 1942; Hitchc. et Chase, Man. Grass. U. S. ed 2: 748. 1950;中国主要植物图说.禾本科813. 图765. 1959; Bor, Grass. Burma Ceyl. Ind. Pakist 99. 1960; Tzvel. Not. Syst. 22: 53, 55. 1963; Ohwi, Fl. Japan 192. 1965; Hsu in Taiwania 16: 306. 1971; Jain in Journ. Ind. Bot. Soc. 51: 173. 1972; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 198. 图7224. 1976; 江苏植物志, 上册: 249. 1977; 台湾植物志5: 618. 图版1454. 1978.——Phalaris hispida Thunb. Fl. Jap. 44. 1784——Digitaria hispida Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 271. 1825. ——Losiolytrum hispidum Steud. Flora 29: 18. 1846.——Arthraxon ciliaris Beauv. Ess. Agrost. lll. 152. t. ll, f. 6. 1812; Hack. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 6: 354. 1889; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 145. 1879.——Pleuroplitis langsdorffii Trin. Fund. Agrost. 175. 1820. ——Arthraxon japonicus Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 288. 1866.——Arthraxon ciliaris Beauv. var. hookeri Hack. l. c. 6: 357. 1889.——Arthraxon breviaristatus Hack. l. c. 6: 350. 1889.——Arthraxon pauciflorus Honda in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 39: 276. 1925; 台湾植物志5: 620. 1978.
一年生。秆细弱,无毛,基部倾斜,高30-60厘米,具多节,常分枝,基部节着地易生根。叶鞘短于节间,生短硬疣毛;叶舌膜质,长0.5-1毫米,边缘具纤毛;叶片卵状披针形,长2-4厘米,宽0.8-1.5厘米,基部心形,抱茎,除下部边缘生疣基毛外余均无毛。总状花序细弱,长1.5-4厘米,2-10枚呈指状排列或簇生于秆顶;总状花序轴节间无毛,长为小穗的2/3-3/4。无柄小穗卵状披针形,呈两侧压扁,长3-5毫米,灰绿色或带紫;第一颖草质,边缘膜质,包住第二颖2/3,具7-9脉,脉上粗糙至生疣基硬毛,尤以顶端及边缘为多,先端锐尖;第二颖近膜质,与第一颖等长,舟形,脊上粗糙,具3脉而2侧脉不明显,先端尖;第一外稃长圆形,透明膜质,先端尖,长为第一颖的2/3;第二外稃与第一外稃等长,透明膜质,近基部伸出一膝曲的芒;芒长6-9毫米,下几部扭转;雄蕊2; 花药黄色或带紫色,长0.7-1毫米。颖果长圆形,与稃体等长。有柄小穗退化仅到针状刺,柄长0.2-1毫米。染色体2n=10 (Sindhe et al. , 1975);2n=18(Mehra & Kalia, 1975);2n=36 (Tateoka,1953;Chen,Hsu,1960;Gould & Soderstrom, 1970,Pohl & Davidse,1971)。花果期9-11月。
遍布全国各地及旧大陆的温暖区域,变异性甚大,我国有以下变种;生于山坡草地阴湿处。模式标本采自日本。
|